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The rights of John P. Pinel and Steven J. Barnes to be identified as the authors of this work have. Authorized adaptation from the United States edition, entitled Biopsychology, 10th edition, ISBN 978-0-134-20369-0. Is inherited, everybody needs at least 8 hours of sleep per. Although the Golgi stain permits an excel. Pinel clearly presents the fundamentals Biopsychology and makes the topics personally and socially relevant to the reader. The defining feature of.
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- BiopsychologyEighth EditionJohn P. J. PinelUniversity of British ColumbiaAllyn & BaconBoston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle RiverAmsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal TorontoDelhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo7470_Pinel_FM_ppi-xxiv.QXP 9/20/10 12:22 PM Page i
- Editor in Chief: Jessica MosherExecutive Editor: Susan HartmanEditorial Assistant: Laura BarryMarketing Manager: Nicole KunzmannSenior Production Project Manager: Roberta ShermanManufacturing Buyer: Debbie RossiCover Administrator: Joel GendronEditorial Production and Composition Service: NesbittInterior Design: NesbittPhoto Researcher: Katherine S. CebikDevelopmental Editor: Erin K. L. GrelakProduction Editor: Jane HooverCredits appear on pages 564 565, which constitute an extension of the copyright page.Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Allyn & Bacon, 75 Arlington Street,Suite 300, Boston, MA 02116. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States ofAmerica. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained fromthe publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, ortransmission in any from or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording,or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a writtenrequest to Pearson Higher Education, Rights and Contracts Department, 501 Boylston Street,Suite 900, Boston, MA 02116, or fax your request to 617-671-3447.Many of the designations by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products areclaimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher wasaware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or all caps.Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data.Pinel, John P. J.Biopsychology / John P.J. Pinel. -- 8th ed.p. ; cm.Includes bibliographical references and index.ISBN 978-0-205-83256-9 (alk. paper)1. Psychobiology--Textbooks. I. Title.[DNLM: 1. Psychophysiology--methods. 2. Behavior--physiology. 3.Brain--physiology. 4. Brain Diseases--physiopathology. WL 103]QP360.P463 2012612.8--dc22201003875610 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 RRD-OH 14 13 12 11ISBN 10: 0-205-83256-3www.pearsonhighered.com ISBN 13: 978-0-205-83256-9To Maggie, the love of my life.A01_PINE2563_FM_ppi-xxiv.QXP 3/28/11 9:32 AM Page ii
- iiiPart OneWhat Is Biopsychology?1 Biopsychology as a Neuroscience 1What Is Biopsychology, Anyway?Part TwoFoundations of Biopsychology2 Evolution, Genetics, and Experience 20Thinking about the Biology of Behavior3 Anatomy of the Nervous System 50Systems, Structures, and Cells That MakeUp Your Nervous System4 Neural Conduction and SynapticTransmission 75How Neurons Send and Receive Signals5 The Research Methods of Biopsychology 101Understanding What Biopsychologists DoPart ThreeSensory and Motor Systems6 The Visual System 131How We See7 Mechanisms of Perception: Hearing,Touch, Smell, Taste, and Attention 164How You Know the World8 The Sensorimotor System 191How You MovePart FourBrain Plasticity9 Development of the Nervous System 219From Fertilized Egg to You10 Brain Damage and Neuroplasticity 240Can the Brain Recover from Damage?11 Learning, Memory, and Amnesia 268How Your Brain Stores InformationPart FiveBiopsychology of Motivation12 Hunger, Eating, and Health 298Why Do Many People Eat Too Much?13 Hormones and Sex 327What s Wrong with the Mamawawa?14 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythms 355How Much Do You Need to Sleep?15 Drug Addiction and the Brain s Reward Circuits 383Chemicals That Harm with PleasurePart SixDisorders of Cognition and Emotion16 Lateralization, Language, and the Split Brain 411The Left Brain and the Right Brainof Language17 Biopsychology of Emotion, Stress, and Health 442Fear, the Dark Side of Emotion18 Biopsychology of Psychiatric Disorders 466The Brain UnhingedBrief Contents7470_Pinel_FM_ppi-xxiv.QXP 9/20/10 12:22 PM Page iii
- Preface xviiTo the Student xxivAbout the Author xxivPart OneWhat Is Biopsychology?1 Biopsychology as a Neuroscience 1What Is Biopsychology, Anyway?The Case of Jimmie G., the Man Frozen in Time 2Four Major Themes of This Book 31.1 What Is Biopsychology? 31.2 What Is the Relation between Biopsychology and the Other Disciplines of Neuroscience? 41.3 What Types of Research Characterize the Biopsychological Approach? 4Human and Nonhuman Subjects 4Experiments and Nonexperiments 5Pure and Applied Research 71.4 What Are the Divisions of Biopsychology? 8Physiological Psychology 9Psychopharmacology 9Neuropsychology 9The Case of Mr. R., the Brain-Damaged Student Who Switched to Architecture 9Psychophysiology 9Cognitive Neuroscience 10Comparative Psychology 111.5 Converging Operations: How Do Biopsychologists Work Together? 121.6 Scientific Inference: How Do Biopsychologists Study the Unobservable Workings of the Brain? 131.7 Critical Thinking about Biopsychological Claims 14Case 1: Jos and the Bull 15Case 2: Becky, Moniz, and Prefrontal Lobotomy 15Themes Revisited 17Think about It 18Key Terms 18Quick Review 19Part TwoFoundations of Biopsychology2 Evolution, Genetics, and Experience 20Thinking about the Biology of Behavior2.1 Thinking about the Biology of Behavior: From Dichotomies to Interactions 21Is It Physiological, or Is It Psychological? 21Is It Inherited, or Is It Learned? 21Problems with Thinking about the Biology ofBehavior in Terms of Traditional Dichotomies 22The Case of the Man Who Fell Out of Bed 22The Case of the Chimps and the Mirrors 23The Case of the Thinking Student 242.2 Human Evolution 24Evolution and Behavior 26Course of Human Evolution 27Thinking about Human Evolution 29Evolution of the Human Brain 31Contentsiv7470_Pinel_FM_ppi-xxiv.QXP 9/20/10 12:22 PM Page iv
- vContentsEvolutionary Psychology: Understanding Mate Bonding 33Thinking about Evolutionary Psychology 352.3 Fundamental Genetics 35Mendelian Genetics 35Chromosomes: Reproduction and Recombination 36Chromosomes: Structure and Replication 36Sex Chromosomes and Sex-Linked Traits 38The Genetic Code and Gene Expression 38Mitochondrial DNA 39Modern Genetics 392.4 Behavioral Development: Interaction of Genetic Factors and Experience 42Selective Breeding of Maze-Bright and Maze-Dull Rats 42Phenylketonuria: A Single-Gene Metabolic Disorder 43Development of Birdsong 442.5 Genetics of Human Psychological Differences 45Development of Individuals versus Devel-opment of Differences among Individuals 46Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart 46Themes Revisited 48Think about It 48Key Terms 49Quick Review 493 Anatomy of the Nervous System 50Systems, Structures, and Cells That Make Up Your Nervous System3.1 General Layout of the Nervous System 51Divisions of the Nervous System 51Meninges, Ventricles, and Cerebrospinal Fluid 53Blood Brain Barrier 533.2 Cells of the Nervous System 55Anatomy of Neurons 55Glial Cells: The Forgotten Cells 573.3 Neuroanatomical Techniques and Directions 59Neuroanatomical Techniques 59Directions in the Vertebrate Nervous System 613.4 Spinal Cord 633.5 Five Major Divisions of the Brain 633.6 Major Structures of the Brain 64Myelencephalon 64Metencephalon 65Mesencephalon 65Diencephalon 66Telencephalon 66The Limbic System and the Basal Ganglia 69Themes Revisited 73Think about It 74Key Terms 74Quick Review 744 Neural Conduction and Synaptic Transmission 75How Neurons Send and Receive SignalsThe Lizard, a Case of Parkinson s Disease 764.1 Resting Membrane Potential 76Recording the Membrane Potential 76Resting Membrane Potential 76Ionic Basis of the Resting Potential 774.2 Generation and Conduction of Postsynaptic Potentials 794.3 Integration of Postsynaptic Potentials and Generation of Action Potentials 804.4 Conduction of Action Potentials 82Ionic Basis of Action Potentials 82Refractory Periods 83Axonal Conduction of Action Potentials 837470_Pinel_FM_ppi-xxiv.QXP 9/20/10 12:22 PM Page v
- vi ContentsConduction in Myelinated Axons 84The Velocity of Axonal Conduction 85Conduction in Neurons without Axons 85The Hodgkin-Huxley Model in Perspective 854.5 Synaptic Transmission: Chemical Transmission of Signals among Neurons 86Structure of Synapses 86Synthesis, Packaging, and Transport ofNeurotransmitter Molecules 87Release of Neurotransmitter Molecules 88Activation of Receptors by NeurotransmitterMolecules 89Reuptake, Enzymatic Degradation, and Recycling 90Glial Function and Synaptic Transmission 914.6 Neurotransmitters 92Amino Acid Neurotransmitters 92Monoamine Neurotransmitters 92Acetylcholine 93Unconventional Neurotransmitters 93Neuropeptides 944.7 Pharmacology of Synaptic Tran